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老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的个体化手术治疗及临床疗效观察
作者:巴根  贾长青  梁峰  付勤 
单位:中国医科大学 附属盛京医院, 辽宁 沈阳 110004
关键词:退变性腰椎管狭窄症 手术 减压 老年人 
分类号:R681.5
出版年·卷·期(页码):2015·34·第一期(22-26)
摘要:

目的:探讨老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症(degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis,DLSS)的个体化手术治疗方案选择、经验和临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月至2014年2月收治的92例老年腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,除外合并椎弓峡部裂的真性腰椎滑脱症患者。老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者按个体化方案接受了手术治疗,其中男性40例,女性52例,年龄65~84岁,平均年龄70.3岁。根据入院完善检查后患者的身体状态及耐受手术的能力,骨质条件,脊柱退变程度,狭窄部位、原因及类型,为患者设计个体化的手术方案。所有患者均行后路开放手术,包括单侧椎板开窗减压(包括必要时的潜行中央区及对侧减压)26例,扩大中央开窗及神经根管扩大减压43例,后路椎板切除减压加椎间植骨融合内固定23例。其中单节段椎管狭窄53例,双节段狭窄24,三节段及以上15例。根据术前、术后腰椎改良JOA评分系统(29分)进行手术效果的评价。结果:92例患者获得4~41个月的随访,平均随访时间18.6个月。无死亡病例,无瘫痪病例,短期症状加重但均在2~6周不等时间内明显恢复3例,术后发生脑血管并发症1例,感染2例,脑脊液漏4例。按上述手术方式顺序,平均改善率分别为78.4%、81.3%、80.6%,手术效果优24例,良59例,可9例,优良率90.2%。结论:老年退变性椎管狭窄症患者由于病情复杂,根据临床表现及影像学资料,确定责任节段及致病因素,有针对性地个体化选择手术方案,可获得良好的疗效。是否进行间盘切除及是否辅以内固定或行融合手术,须谨慎选择。

Objective:To discuss the selection, experience and clinical curative effect of individual operation for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) in aged people.Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 92 patients with DLSS from September 2010 to February 2014 who were treated with individual operation exclude those who suffered from lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis. The average age was 70.3 years old(range from 65-84 years old), including 40 males and 52 females. All the patients were performed posterior approach operation with individual strategy according to the difference of physical condition, bone condition and the type of stenosis. In those people, 26 cases underwent hemilaminectomy(including submersible decompression if necessary), 43 cases underwent central laminectomy with decompression of lumbar root canal and 23 cases underwent total laminectomy combined with lumbar interbody fusion and internal fixation and internal fixation.According to the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) of lumbar diseases, the outcome of the preoperation and postoperation were evaluated. Results: 92 cases were followed up for 4-41 months, the average follow up period was 18.6 months. No dead case, no paralytic case, one cerebrovascular complication, two infection and 4 cerebrospinal fluid leakage occur. The mean postoperative improvement rate was 78.4%, 81.3% and 80.6%, respectively. 24 cases were excellent, 59 cases were good and 9 cases were fair. Conclusion: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in aged is complex, individual operation strategy according to the difference of physical condition, bone condition and the type of stenosis is necessary and the outcome of operation relatively good. Discectomy and fusion combined internal fixtion should be used reasonably.

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