股骨头坏死即缺血性骨坏死,发病机制包括创伤性(如股骨颈骨折等)和非创伤性(如药物因素、酒精刺激和骨质疏松等),这些因素导致髋关节破坏.还有相关的高风险因素,如进行化疗、慢性肠道炎症性疾病、系统性红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症、妊娠等.导致股骨头坏死的相关因素有很多,因此股骨头坏死的相关治疗也是研究的关键.目前早期股骨头坏死的治疗只是停留在保守治疗(药物治疗)和髓芯减压,这只能维持一段时间,最终仍然需要髋关节置换.干细胞的出现给股骨头坏死的治疗带来了新的希望,它不仅具有自我更新和多向分化潜能而且还具有无限的增殖能力,这使得我们更容易获得丰富的干细胞来用于临床治疗,而且它没有显著的伦理问题.干细胞疗法是目前主要的研究方向,也是未来进行临床治疗的主要手段.在本文中作者就近些年来应用干细胞治疗股骨头坏死的研究进行综述.

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