胎盘滋养层细胞对妊娠与胚胎发育具有非常重要的作用,侵袭功能和内分泌功能是滋养层细胞的两大主要功能.侵袭性迁移行为是胎盘形成、胚胎发育、妊娠顺利完成的基本要素,滋养层细胞在侵袭血管方面上与癌细胞非常相似.同时滋养层细胞也发挥着极其复杂的内分泌功能,能分泌甾体类激素、神经肽类激素、生长因子、细胞因子等多种生物活性物质,构成了复杂的脐血造血微环境.滋养层细胞所分泌的激素、神经肽等活性物质对母婴之间能量代谢转运、维持早孕、营养黄体等方面起到重要的作用.同时,滋养层细胞是胎盘屏障的重要组成部分和母血进入胎儿的第一道屏障,所分泌的各种细胞因子发挥了极其重要的免疫功能.在本文中作者旨在微环境的层面上阐述胎盘滋养层细胞的功能.

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