目的：探讨性别对合并心房颤动（房颤）慢性心力衰竭（心衰）患者全因死亡风险的影响。方法：连续入选2014年1月至2017年1月于徐州市肿瘤医院明确诊断房颤伴慢性心衰患者共232例，记录患者的基线资料及治疗情况，并根据患者性别将其分为男性组（n=105）和女性组（n=127）两组。研究终点为患者的全因死亡。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线及Log-rank检验比较不同性别患者的累积生存率，通过构建多因素Cox回归模型分析患者全因死亡的危险因素。结果：中位随访36个月，41例患者死亡，不同性别患者的累积生存率差异有统计学意义（女性 vs 男性为89.8% vs 72.3%，Log-rank P=0.001）。多因素Cox回归分析显示男性（HR 2.63， 95%CI 1.23~5.56，P=0.012）、合并慢性肾功能不全（HR 2.15， 95%CI 1.02~4.53，P=0.044）、左心室舒张末期内径增大（HR 1.08， 95%CI 1.01~1.15，P=0.018）以及N端脑钠肽前体浓度升高（HR 1.59； 95%CI 1.04~2.43；P=0.031）是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素。结论：男性、合并慢性肾功能不全、左心室舒张末期内径增大、N端脑钠肽前体升高是房颤合并心衰患者全因死亡的独立危险因素。

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