[1] WHITE A,FAN E.What is ECMO?[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2016,193(6):P9-P10. 
[2] WHO Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected:interim guidance[EB/OL].2020.https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/330854/WHO-nCoV-Clinical-2020.2-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yWHO/nCoV/Clinical/2020.2. 
[3] CAVAYAS Y A,YUSUFF H,PORTER R.Fungal infections in adult patients on extracorporeal life support[J].Critical care (London,England),2018,22(1):98. 
[4] KIM D W,YEO H J,YOON S H,et al.Impact of bloodstream infections on catheter colonization during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].J Artif Organs,2016,19(2):128-133. 
[5] SHEKAR K,FRASER J F,SMITH M T,et al.Pharmacokinetic changes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].J Crit Care,2012,27(6):741-749. 
[6] SPRIET I,ANNAERT P,MEERSSEMAN P,et al.Pharmacokinetics of caspofungin and voriconazole in critically ill patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2009,63(4):767-770. 
[7] BRVGGEMANN R J M,ANTONIUS T,HEIJST A V,et al.Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole in a child with invasive aspergillosis requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Ther Drug Monit,2008,30(6):643-646. 
[8] WATT K M,GONZALEZ D,BENJAMIN D K J,et al.Fluconazole population pharmacokinetics and dosing for prevention and treatment of invasive Candidiasis in children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2015,59(7):3935-3943. 
[9] WATT K M,BENJAMIN D K J,CHEIFETZ I M,et al.Pharmacokinetics and safety of fluconazole in young infants supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2012,31(10):1042-1047. 
[10] RUIZ S,PAPY E,DA SILVA D,et al.Potential voriconazole and caspofungin sequestration during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Intensive Care Med,2009,35(1):183-184. 
[11] AUTMIZGUINE J,HORNIK C P,BENJAMIN D K J,et al.Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Micafungin in Infants Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2016,35(11):1204-1210. 
[12] RAMANATHAN K,ANTOGNINI D,COMBES A,et al.Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases[J].Lancet Respir Med,2020,8(5):518-526. 
[13] SHEKAR K,FRASER J F,SMITH M T,et al.Pharmacokinetic changes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].J Crit Care,2012,27(6):741-749. 
[14] VINCENT J,BASSETTI M,FRANÇOIS B,et al.Advances in antibiotic therapy in the critically ill[J].Critical Care (London,England),2016,20(1):133. 
[15] AUBRON C,PILCHER D,LEONG T,et al.Aspergillus sp.isolated in critically ill patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support[J].Scand J Infect Dis,2013,45(9):715-721. 
[16] ESCHERTZHUBER S,VELIK-SALCHNER C,HOERMANN C,et al.Caspofungin-resistant Aspergillus flavus after heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support:a case report[J].Transpl Infect Dis,2008,10(3):190-192. 
[17] FERRER R,MARTIN-LOECHES I,PHILLIPS G,et al.Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour:results from a guideline-based performance improvement program[J].Crit Care Med,2014,42(8):1749-1755. 
[18] SANDER A,BEYER U,AMBERG R.Systemic Fusarium oxysporum infection in an immunocompetent patient with an adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)[J].Mycoses,1998,41(3-4):109-111. 
[19] AL-JEHANI H,GUIOT M,TORRES C,et al.Scedosporium cerebral abscesses after extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Can J Neurol Sci,2010,37(5):671-676. 
[20] ESCHERTZHUBER S,VELIK-SALCHNER C,HOERMANN C,et al.Caspofungin-resistant Aspergillus flavus after heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support:a case report[J].Transpl Infect Dis,2008,10(3):190-192. 
[21] KAO L S,FLEMING G M,ESCAMILLA R J,et al.Antimicrobial prophylaxis and infection surveillance in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients:a multi-institutional survey of practice patterns[J].ASAIO J,2011,57(3):231-238. 
[22] GARDNER A H,PRODHAN P,STOVALL S H,et al.Fungal infections and antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric cardiac extracorporeal life support[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2012,143(3):689-695. 
[23] BIFFI S,DI BELLA S,SCARAVILLI V,et al.Infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation:epidemiology,risk factors,pathogenesis and prevention[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2017,50(1):9-16. 
[24] TISSOT F,PASCUAL M,HULLIN R,et al.Impact of targeted antifungal prophylaxis in heart transplant recipients at high risk for early invasive fungal infection[J].Transplantation,2014,97(11):1192-1197. 
[25] HUANG H,PENG J,WENG L,et al.Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in intensive care unit patients:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Ann Intensive Care,2017,7(1):114. 
[26] PIERI M,GRECO T,DE BONIS M,et al.Diagnosis of infection in patients undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation:A Case-Control Study[J].J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,2012,143(6):1411-1416. 
[27] 王晨,陆刚,吴春荣,等.sTREM-1等几种生物标志物在兔白色念珠菌肺炎中的表达[J].中国免疫学杂志,2016,32(10):1512-1518. 
[28] DE PASCALE G,TUMBARELLO M.Fungal infections in the ICU:advances in treatment and diagnosis[J].Curr Opin Crit Care,2015,21(5):421-429. 
[29] SCHUETZ A N.Invasive fungal infections:biomarkers and molecular approaches to diagnosis[J].Clin Lab Med,2013,33(3):505-525. 
[30] PEREZ K K,OLSEN R J,MUSICK W L,et al.Integrating rapid pathogen identification and antimicrobial stewardship significantly decreases hospital costs[J].Arch Pathol Lab Med,2013,137(9):1247-1254. 
[31] KUEHN C,ORSZAG P,BURGWITZ K,et al.Microbial adhesion on membrane oxygenators in patients requiring extracorporeal life support detected by a universal rDNA PCR test[J].ASAIO J,2013,59(4):368-373. 
[32] LAFFLER T G,CUMMINS L L,MCCLAIN C M,et al.Enhanced diagnostic yields of bacteremia and candidemia in blood specimens by PCR-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J].J Clin Microbiol,2013,51(11):3535-3541. 
[33] APERIS G,ALIVANIS P.Posaconazole:a new antifungal weapon[J].Rev Recent Clin Trials,2011,6(3):204-219. 
[34] BELLMANN R,SMUSZKIEWICZ P.Pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs:practical implications for optimized treatment of patients[J].Infection,2017,45(6):737-779. 
[35] PATE M J,HEMMIGE V,WOC-COLBURN L,et al.Successful eradication of invasive Scopulariopsis brumptii in a liver transplant recipient[J].Transpl Infect Dis,2016,18(2):275-279. 
[36] CHARLES P,KAHN J,ACKERMANN F,et al.Renal mucormycosis complicating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Med Mycol,2013,51(2):193-195. 
[37] KOVANDA L L,DESAI A V,LU Q,et al.Isavuconazole Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis Using Nonparametric Estimation in Patients with Invasive Fungal Disease (Results from the VITAL Study)[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2016,60(8):4568-4576. 
[38] DESAI A,SCHMITT-HOFFMANN A,MUJAIS S,et al.Population Pharmacokinetics of Isavuconazole in Subjects with Mild or Moderate Hepatic Impairment[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2016,60(5):3025-3031. 
[39] WATT K,MANZONI P,COHEN-WOLKOWIEZ M,et al.Triazole use in the nursery:fluconazole,voriconazole,posaconazole,and ravuconazole[J].Current Drug Metabolism,2013,14(2):193-202.  |