炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）是一种慢性、非特异性、炎症性肠道疾病。IBD的病因尚不明确，近年来的研究表明环境因素与其发病息息相关，尤其针对非遗传易感性患者更加突出了环境因素的重要性。目前针对IBD的治疗主要为药物治疗，而饮食可通过改变疾病的活动度或影响肠道黏膜免疫系统从而诱导临床缓解。有研究表明增加膳食纤维摄入可减少IBD的发生风险同时可使IBD患者维持临床缓解状态，膳食纤维摄入不足可致短链脂肪酸合成减少、肠道菌群紊乱、肠黏膜屏障功能障碍。然而尽管部分动物研究及临床研究均表明膳食纤维对炎症性肠病有显著的积极作用，但相关临床研究仍显示无论是否合并肠腔狭窄或处于病情急性复发加重期，IBD患者均存在膳食纤维摄入不足。因此，本文作者就炎症性肠病与膳食纤维的关系作一综述。

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