[1] SUNG H, FERLAY J, SIEGEL R L, et al.Global cancer statistics 2020:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3):209-249.
[2] 郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等.2015年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析[J].中华肿瘤杂志, 2019(1):19-28.
[3] BOARDMAN L A, VILAR E, YOU Y N, et al.AGA clinical practice update on young adult-onset colorectal cancer diagnosis and management:expert review[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 18(11):2415-2424.
[4] SIEGEL R L, TORRE L A, SOERJOMATARAM I, et al.Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence in young adults[J].Gut, 2019, 68(12):2179-2185.
[5] SUNG J J Y, CHIU H M, JUNG K W, et al.Increasing trend in young-onset colorectal cancer in Asia:more cancers in men and more rectal cancers[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2019, 114(2):322-329.
[6] STOFFEL E M, MURPHY C C.Epidemiology and mechanisms of the increasing incidence of colon and rectal cancers in young adults[J].Gastroenterology, 2020, 158(2):341-353.
[7] SIEGEL R L, MILLER K D, GODING SAUER A, et al.Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2020, 70(3):145-164.
[8] O'SULLIVAN D E, HILSDEN R J, RUAN Y, et al.The incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer in Canada continues to increase[J].Cancer Epidemiol, 2020, 69:101828.
[9] YONG K K, KYAW M, CHADWICK G, et al.Increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancers in the UK and rising mortality in rectal cancers[J].Gut, 2020, 69(12):2267-2268.
[10] VUIK F E, NIEUWENBURG S A, BARDOU M, et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults in Europe over the last 25 years[J].Gut, 2019, 68(10):1820-1826.
[11] 吴春晓, 顾凯, 龚杨明, 等.2015年中国结直肠癌发病和死亡情况分析[J].中国癌症杂志, 2020, 30(4):241-245.
[12] LUI R N, TSOI K K F, HO J M W, et al.Global increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer across 5 continents:a joinpoint regression analysis of 1, 922, 167 cases[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2019, 28(8):1275-1282.
[13] O'CONNELL J B, MAGGARD M A, LIVINGSTON E H, et al.Colorectal cancer in the young[J].Am J Surg, 2004, 187(3):343-348.
[14] CHEN F W, SUNDARAM V, CHEW T A, et al.Low prevalence of criteria for early screening in young-onset colorectal cancer[J].Am J Prev Med, 2017, 53(6):933-934.
[15] CHEN F W, SUNDARAM V, CHEW T A, et al.Advanced-stage colorectal cancer in persons younger than 50 years not associated with longer duration of symptoms or time to diagnosis[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15(5):728-737.e3.
[16] LOWERY J T, AHNEN D J, SCHROY P C 3rd, et al.Understanding the contribution of family history to colorectal cancer risk and its clinical implications:a state-of-the-science review[J].Cancer, 2016, 122(17):2633-2645.
[17] SAMADDER N J, SMITH K R, HANSON H, et al.Increased risk of colorectal cancer among family members of all ages, regardless of age of index case at diagnosis[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 13(13):2305-2311.e2.
[18] TUOHY T M, ROWE K G, MINEAU G P, et al.Risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas in the families of patients with adenomas:a population-based study in Utah[J].Cancer, 2014, 120(1):35-42.
[19] SIEGEL R L, FEDEWA S A, ANDERSON W F, et al.Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974-2013[J].J Natl Cancer Inst, 2017, 109(8):djw322.
[20] CHUNG R Y, TSOI K K F, KYAW M H, et al.A population-based age-period-cohort study of colorectal cancer incidence comparing Asia against the West[J].Cancer Epidemiol, 2019, 59:29-36.
[21] BRENNER D R, RUAN Y, SHAW E, et al.Increasing colorectal cancer incidence trends among younger adults in Canada[J].Prev Med, 2017, 105:345-349.
[22] FELETTO E, YU X Q, LEW J B, et al.Trends in colon and rectal cancer incidence in Australia from 1982 to 2014:analysis of data on over 375, 000 cases[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2019, 28(1):83-90.
[23] GAUSMAN V, DORNBLASER D, ANAND S, et al.Risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 18(12):2752-2759.e2.
[24] ROSATO V, BOSETTI C, LEVI F, et al.Risk factors for young-onset colorectal cancer[J].Cancer Causes Control, 2013, 24(2):335-341.
[25] LOW E E, DEMB J, LIU L, et al.Risk Factors for early-onset colorectal cancer[J].Gastroenterology, 2020, 159(2):492-501.e7.
[26] NGUYEN L H, LIU P H, ZHENG X, et al.Sedentary behaviors, TV viewing time, and risk of young-onset colorectal cancer[J].JNCI Cancer Spectr, 2018, 2(4):pky073.
[27] LIU P H, WU K, NG K, et al.Association of obesity with risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women[J].JAMA Oncol, 2019, 5(1):37-44.
[28] BREAU G, ELLIS U.Risk factors associated with young-onset colorectal adenomas and cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research[J].Cancer Control, 2020, 27(1):1073274820976670.
[29] ARCHAMBAULT A N, SU Y R, JEON J, et al.Cumulative burden of colorectal cancer-associated genetic variants is more strongly associated with early-onset vs late-onset cancer[J].Gastroenterology, 2020, 158(5):1274-1286.e12.
[30] MYERS E A, FEINGOLD D L, FORDE K A, et al.Colorectal cancer in patients under 50 years of age:a retrospective analysis of two institutions' experience[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(34):5651-5657.
[31] KNEUERTZ P J, CHANG G J, HU C Y, et al.Overtreatment of young adults with colon cancer:more intense treatments with unmatched survival gains[J].JAMA Surg, 2015, 150(5):402-409.
[32] GLOVER M, MANSOOR E, PANHWAR M, et al.Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in average risk adults 20-39 years of age:a population-based national study[J].Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(12):3602-3609.
[33] PATEL K, DOULIAS T, HOAD T, et al.Primary-to-secondary care referral experience of suspected colorectal malignancy in young adults[J].Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2016, 98(5):308-313.
[34] SIEGEL R L, JAKUBOWSKI C D, FEDEWA S A, et al.Colorectal cancer in the young:epidemiology, prevention, management[J].Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book, 2020, 40:1-14.
[35] SCOTT R B, RANGEL L E, OSLER T M, et al.Rectal cancer in patients under the age of 50 years:the delayed diagnosis[J].Am J Surg, 2016, 211(6):1014-1018.
[36] YEO H, BETEL D, ABELSON J S, et al.Early-onset colorectal cancer is distinct from traditional colorectal cancer[J].Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2017, 16(4):293-299.e6.
[37] SOLIMAN B G, KARAGKOUNIS G, CHURCH J M, et al.Mucinous histology signifies poor oncologic outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer[J].Dis Colon Rectum, 2018, 61(5):547-553.
[38] RODRIGUEZ L, BRENNAN K, KARIM S, et al.Disease characteristics, clinical management, and outcomes of young patients with colon cancer:a population-based study[J].Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2018, 17(4):e651-e661.
[39] FU J F, HUANG Y Q, YANG J, et al.Clinical characteristics and prognosis of young patients with colorectal cancer in Eastern China[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(44):8078-8084.
[40] INAMURA K, YAMAUCHI M, NISHIHARA R, et al.Prognostic significance and molecular features of signet-ring cell and mucinous components in colorectal carcinoma[J].Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(4):1226-1235.
[41] HOLOWATYJ A N, LEWIS M A, PANNIER S T, et al.Clinicopathologic and racial/ethnic differences of colorectal cancer among adolescents and young adults[J].Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2019, 10(7):e00059.
[42] WILLAUER A N, LIU Y, PEREIRA A A L, et al.Clinical and molecular characterization of early-onset colorectal cancer[J].Cancer, 2019, 125(12):2002-2010.
[43] LIANG J T, HUANG K C, CHENG A L, et al.Clinicopathological and molecular biological features of colorectal cancer in patients less than 40 years of age[J].Br J Surg, 2003, 90(2):205-214.
[44] STOFFEL E M, KOEPPE E, EVERETT J, et al.Germline genetic features of young individuals with colorectal cancer[J].Gastroenterology, 2018, 154(4):897-905.e1.
[45] PEARLMAN R, FRANKEL W L, SWANSON B, et al.Prevalence and spectrum of germline cancer susceptibility gene mutations among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer[J].JAMA Oncol, 2017, 3(4):464-471.
[46] MORK M E, YOU Y N, YING J, et al.High prevalence of hereditary cancer syndromes in adolescents and young adults with colorectal cancer[J].J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(31):3544-3549.
[47] ANTELO M, BALAGUER F, SHIA J, et al.A high degree of LINE-1 hypomethylation is a unique feature of early-onset colorectal cancer[J].PLoS One, 2012, 7(9):e45357.
[48] BABA Y, HUTTENHOWER C, NOSHO K, et al.Epigenomic diversity of colorectal cancer indicated by LINE-1 methylation in a database of 869 tumors[J].Mol Cancer, 2010, 9:125.
[49] FEINBERG A P.The key role of epigenetics in human disease prevention and mitigation[J].N Engl J Med, 2018, 378(14):1323-1334.
[50] LIEU C H, RENFRO L A, DE GRAMONT A, et al.Association of age with survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer:analysis from the ARCAD Clinical Trials Program[J].J Clin Oncol, 2014, 32(27):2975-2984.
[51] CHOU C L, TSENG C J, SHIUE Y L.The impact of young age on the prognosis for colorectal cancer:a population-based study in Taiwan[J].Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2017, 47(11):1010-1018.
[52] SHIDA D, AHIKO Y, TANABE T, et al.Shorter survival in adolescent and young adult patients, compared to adult patients, with stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer in Japan[J].BMC Cancer, 2018, 18(1):334.
[53] KIM T J, KIM E R, HONG S N, et al.Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of sporadic colorectal cancer in young patients:a large institutional-based retrospective study[J].Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, 95(19):e3641.
[54] BLANKE C D, BOT B M, THOMAS D M, et al.Impact of young age on treatment efficacy and safety in advanced colorectal cancer:a pooled analysis of patients from nine first-line phase III chemotherapy trials[J].J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(20):2781-2786.
[55] POKHARKAR A B, BHANDARE M, PATIL P, et al.Young vs old colorectal cancer in Indian subcontinent:a tertiary care center experience[J].Indian J Surg Oncol, 2017, 8(4):491-498.
[56] RHO Y S, GILABERT M, POLOM K, et al.Comparing clinical characteristics and outcomes of young-onset and late-onset colorectal cancer:an international collaborative study[J].Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2017, 16(4):334-342.
[57] MANJELIEVSKAIA J, BROWN D, MCGLYNN K A, et al.Chemotherapy use and survival among young and middle-aged patients with colon cancer[J].JAMA Surg, 2017, 152(5):452-459.
[58] YANG Z, KANG L, WANG L, et al.Characteristics and long-term survival of colorectal cancer patients aged 44 years and younger[J].Clin Transl Oncol, 2012, 14(12):896-904.
[59] WANG M J, PING J, LI Y, et al.The prognostic factors and multiple biomarkers in young patients with colorectal cancer[J].Sci Rep, 2015, 5:10645.
[60] HUBBARD J, THOMAS D M, YOTHERS G, et al.Benefits and adverse events in younger versus older patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer:findings from the Adjuvant Colon Cancer Endpoints data set[J].J Clin Oncol, 2012, 30(19):2334-2339.
[61] BOYCE S, NASSAR N, LEE C Y, et al.Young-onset colorectal cancer in New South Wales:a population-based study[J].Med J Aust, 2016, 205(10):465-470.
[62] KOLARICH A, GEORGE T J Jr, HUGHES S J, et al.Rectal cancer patients younger than 50 years lack a survival benefit from NCCN guideline-directed treatment for stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ disease[J].Cancer, 2018, 124(17):3510-3519.
[63] ABDELSATTAR Z M, WONG S L, REGENBOGEN S E, et al.Colorectal cancer outcomes and treatment patterns in patients too young for average-risk screening[J].Cancer, 2016, 122(6):929-934.
[64] ORSINI R G, VERHOEVEN R H, LEMMENS V E, et al.Comparable survival for young rectal cancer patients, despite unfavourable morphology and more advanced-stage disease[J].Eur J Cancer, 2015, 51(13):1675-1682.
[65] GUPTA S, BHARTI B, AHNEN D J, et al.Potential impact of family history-based screening guidelines on the detection of early-onset colorectal cancer[J].Cancer, 2020, 126(13):3013-3020.
[66] 陈万青, 李霓, 兰平, 等.中国结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2020, 北京)[J].中国肿瘤, 2021, 30(1):1-28.
[67] WOLF A M D, FONTHAM E T H, CHURCH T R, et al.Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults:2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(4):250-281.
[68] PETERSE E F P, MEESTER R G S, SIEGEL R L, et al.The impact of the rising colorectal cancer incidence in young adults on the optimal age to start screening:microsimulation analysis I to inform the American Cancer Society colorectal cancer screening guideline[J].Cancer, 2018, 124(14):2964-2973.
[69] SUNG J J, NG S C, CHAN F K, et al.An updated Asia Pacific Consensus Recommendations on colorectal cancer screening[J].Gut, 2015, 64(1):121-132.
[70] TIAN Y, KHARAZMI E, BRENNER H, et al.Calculating the starting age for screening in relatives of patients with colorectal cancer based on data from large nationwide data sets[J].Gastroenterology, 2020, 159(1):159-168e3. |
