2024年江苏省居民百日咳流行病学特征及免疫史分布-东南大学学报医学版

2024年江苏省居民百日咳流行病学特征及免疫史分布

单位：1. 江苏省疾病预防控制中心, 江苏南京 210009;
2. 江苏省卫生健康发展研究中心, 江苏南京 210036

分类号：R183.3

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·44·第五期（710-716）

摘要：

目的:分析《百日咳诊疗标准(2023年版)》实施后江苏省百日咳病例的流行特征及其免疫史分布,为今后防控百日咳提供理论依据。方法:以江苏省为现住址从传染病监测报告系统上收集发病时间为2024年的百日咳病例,病例的疫苗接种史根据身份证号、姓名、出生日期等关键字段从江苏省免疫规划信息系统匹配获取,描述性流行病学分析其三间分布特征,频数(n)与构成比(%)描述疫苗接种情况, χ²检验比较组间差异,趋势检验分析完全接种比例(4剂次)的年龄变化趋势。结果:2024年江苏省累计报告22 428例百日咳病例,其中临床诊断病例1 961例(8.74%),确诊病例20 467例(91.26%),年报告发病率为26.31/10万,是2016—2023年年均报告率(0.25/10万)的105.24倍。病例集中分布于春夏季(3~8月),5月报告病例数最多。0~9岁儿童所占的比例为84.43%(18 936例),其中5~9岁年龄组人数(14 282例)远多于0~4岁年龄组的人数(4 654例)。绝大多数病例是学生(12 494例)和幼托儿童(5 948例),占比为82.23%。所有病例中,20 268例发病时已接种过百白破疫苗,1 146例无疫苗接种史,1 014例接种记录不详。发病时百白破疫苗完成1剂次、2剂次、3剂次、4剂次接种的病例数分别为415例、228例,1 341例、18 284例。结论:江苏省在百日咳的流行期间,报告的病例数较往年(2016—2023年)显著升高,PCR等实验室确诊技术在其中发挥了重要作用,学生和托幼儿童是主要感染者,疫苗接种策略存在漏洞,应加强对学生和托幼儿童的监测与防控,及时调整免疫策略,保护人群健康。

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and vaccination history distribution of pertussis cases in Jiangsu Province after the implementation of the Diagnosis and Treatment Standards for Pertussis(2023 Edition), providing a theoretical basis for future pertussis prevention and control. Methods: Pertussis cases with onset dates in 2024 were retrospectively retrieved from the infectious disease surveillance and reporting system, with Jiangsu Province designated as the current residence. Vaccination histories were obtained by matching key fields such as ID number, name, and date of birth from the Jiangsu Provincial Immunization Planning Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional, and population distributions. Frequency(n) and proportions(%) described vaccination status, with χ² tests comparing group differences and trend tests analyzing the age-related trend in full vaccination(4 doses). Results: From January to December 2024, 22 428 pertussis cases were reported in Jiangsu Province, of which 1 961(8.74%) were clinical diagnosis cases and 20 467(91.26%)were confirmed cases. The annual reported incidence rate was 26.31/100 000, 105.24 times higher than the average annual rate from 2016—2023(0.25/100 000). Cases were concentrated in spring and summer(March to August), with the highest number reported in May. Children aged 0-9 years accounted for 84.43%(18 936 cases) of the total cases, with the 5-9 age group(14 282 cases) significantly outnumbering the 0-4 age group(4 654 cases). Students(12 494 cases) and kindergarten children(5 948 cases) collectively represented 82.23% of all cases. Vaccination records indicated that 20 268 cases had received at least one dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis(DTP) vaccine prior to onset, while 1 146 were unvaccinated and 1 014 had undocumented vaccination status. Specifically, the numbers of cases who had completed 1, 2, 3, and 4 doses of DTP vaccination were 415,228, 1 341, and 18 284. Conclusion: During the pertussis epidemic in Jiangsu Province, reported cases increased significantly compared to previous years(2016—2023), with PCR and other laboratory confirmation techniques playing a crucial role. Students and kindergarten children emerged as the primary vulnerable populations, indicating potential deficiencies in the existing vaccination strategy. To effectively mitigate the spread of pertussis, it is imperative to enhance surveillance and implement targeted prevention and control measures among these high-risk groups, while also promptly revising and optimizing the immunization program to safeguard public health.

参考文献：

[1] SEE K C.Pertussis vaccination for adults: an updated guide for clinicians[J].Vaccines, 2025, 13(1): 60.
[2] ZHANG Z, WANG Q, ZHU Q, et al.Seroepidemiology of pertussis immunity in five provinces of China: a population-based, cross-sectional study[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2024, 20(1): 2417532.
[3] WANG H, LIU X, CAO X, et al.Global tendency and frontiers of research on pertussis from 2000 to 2023: a bibliometric and visual analysis[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2024, 20(1): 2392334.
[4] XU W, FU C, ZHENG C, et al.Epidemiological characteristics and survival analysis of pertussis in Quzhou[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2024, 20(1): 2420448.
[5] 张梦, 吴丹, 李艺星, 等.全球百日咳防控面临的挑战[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2023, 44(3): 491-497.
[6] 中华医学会感染病学分会儿科感染学组, 国家卫生健康委能力建设和继续教育儿科专委会感染组, 中国临床实践指南联盟方法学专委会, 等.中国百日咳诊疗与预防指南(2024版)[J].中华医学杂志, 2024, 104(15): 1258-1279.
[7] 李军, 杜冰会, 姬艳芳, 等.1950—2024年河南省百日咳流行病学特征[J].现代疾病预防控制, 2025, 36(4): 250-254.
[8] SHEN R, XU J, LI Y, et al.Urban Pertussis Epidemiological Patterns in a Highly Vaccinated Megacity: Policy Impacts and Control Strategies in Chongqing, China, 2005—2024[J].Int J Infect Dis, 2025, 156: 107910.
[9] LIU Y, CHEN J, YAO N, et al.Pertussis epidemiological surveillance and immunization history in children under five years in a megacity in China from 2019 to 2023[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2025, 21(1): 2460273.
[10] ZHANG J, DENG J, YANG Y.Pertussis vaccination in Chinese children with increasing reported pertussis cases[J].Lancet Infect Dis, 2022, 22(1): 21-22.
[11] 周路平, 张颖, 刘玮, 等.宁夏回族自治区2012—2023年百日咳流行病学特征分析[J].现代预防医学, 2024, 51(17): 3236-3241.
[12] 国家卫生健康委办公厅, 国家中医药局综合司.百日咳诊疗方案(2023年版)[J].中国感染控制杂志, 2024, 23(4): 544-546.
[13] 许燕, 孙翔, 施秀芸, 等.2005—2021年江苏省百日咳流行病学特征[J].中国疫苗和免疫, 2022, 28(5): 529-533.
[14] 杨瑛莹, 刘艳, 张学潮, 等.2010—2022年杭州市百日咳流行特征分析及其发病预测[J].中国公共卫生, 2024, 40(3): 358-361.
[15] 刘铁诚, 何寒青, 周洋, 等.2005—2017年浙江省百日咳流行病学分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫, 2019, 25(1): 54-58.
[16] 张倩, 吴丹, 郑徽, 等.中国2022年百日咳流行病学特征[J].中国疫苗和免疫, 2024, 30(1): 34-38.
[17] 姜雨淇, 龙江, 赵金华, 等.2009—2023年青海省百日咳流行病学特征与发病趋势[J].中华疾病控制杂志, 2025, 29(3): 361-366.
[18] 冯蕾, 张岩, 刘新民, 等.2007—2022年山东省百日咳流行特征及临床特点分析[J].中华预防医学杂志, 2024, 58(1): 33-39.
[19] 王乐雨, 曹玉雯, 张海霞, 等.河北省2019—2022年百日咳流行病学特征及病例免疫史分析[J].中华微生物学和免疫学杂志, 2024, 44(4): 288-294.
[20] BISGARD K M, RHODES P, CONNELLY B L, et al.Pertussis vaccine effectiveness among children 6 to 59 months of age in the United States, 1998—2001[J].Pediatrics, 2005, 116(2): e285-294.
[21] SHI W, WANG B, MENG Q, et al.Seroprevalence of tetanus and pertussis antibodies among health care workers in Wuhu, China[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2024, 20(1): 2318892.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】

提示：您还未登录，请登录！点此登录